What conduct investigations cover
A conduct or background investigation (素行調査) involves observing and documenting a person's behavior over a period of time. Common use cases include:
- Verifying a potential business partner's claims
- Checking on an employee's conduct outside work (within legal limits)
- Pre-marriage background checks
- Confirming whether a person is who they claim to be
- Documenting behavior relevant to a legal dispute
What investigators can document
In public settings, an investigator can:
- Observe and photograph the subject's movements
- Record who they meet and where
- Document behavior relevant to your stated purpose
- Compile a factual written report
Legal and ethical limits
Investigations must have a legitimate purpose. Investigators cannot access private records, hack devices, or conduct surveillance in a way that amounts to stalking. Any investigation aimed at harassment or discrimination will be declined.
Japan also has personal information protection laws that govern how investigation data can be used. Discuss your intended use of the report with a lawyer if it will be used in legal proceedings.
As a foreign resident or business
Foreign nationals and foreign-owned businesses in Japan have the same legal standing as domestic parties when commissioning investigations. If you are conducting due diligence on a Japanese business partner or employee, an English-language summary of the investigation report can usually be requested.
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Frequently asked questions
Can I conduct a background check on a potential business partner?
Yes, within legal limits. Investigators can document publicly observable behavior and verify claims. They cannot access private financial records or hack accounts.
Is a pre-marriage background check common in Japan?
Yes. Pre-marriage investigations (婚前調査) are one of the most common services. They typically check employment, lifestyle, finances (from observable behavior), and family background.
Can the results be used in a business dispute?
Potentially. How useful a report is depends on what was documented and the nature of the dispute. Consult a lawyer on what evidence is needed before commissioning an investigation.